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Luteolin is a flavonoid; more specifically, it is one of the more common flavones. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an agent in the prevention of inflammation, a promoter of carbohydrate metabolism, and an immune system modulator. These characteristics of luteolin are also believed to play an important part in the prevention of cancer. Multiple research experiments describe luteolin as a biochemical agent that can dramatically reduce inflammation and the symptoms of septic shock.
Luteolin is most often found in leaves, but it is also seen in celery, thyme, dandelion, rinds, barks, clover blossom and ragweed pollen. It has also been isolated from Salvia tomentosa. Dietary sources include celery, green pepper, thyme, perilla, chamomile tea, carrots, olive oil, peppermint, rosemary and oregano.
It significantly reversed the xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in mice.
Side effects
Gastrointestinal adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting and gastric hypersecretion should be carefully monitored, whenever luteolin is used for treating allergies, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
^ Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in microglia by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and activation of AP-1 — PNAS
^A. Ulubelen, M. Miski, P. Neuman, and T. J. Mabry (1979). "Flavonoids of Salvia tomentosa (Labiatae)". Journal of Natural Products42 (4): 261–263. doi:10.1021/np50003a002.
^Kayoko Shimoi, Hisae Okada, Michiyo Furugori, Toshinao Goda, Sachiko Takase, Masayuki Suzuki, Yukihiko Hara, Hiroyo Yamamoto, Naohide Kinae (1998). "Intestinal absorption of luteolin and luteolin 7-O-[beta]-glucoside in rats and humans". FEBS Letters438 (3): 220–224. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01304-0. PMID 9827549.
^López-Lázaro M. (2009). "Distribution and biological activities of the flavonoid luteolin". Mini Rev Med Chem.9 (1): 31–59. doi:10.2174/138955709787001712. PMID 19149659.
^ Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Oct 22. [Epub ahead of print] Luteolin, a non-selective competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterases 1-5, displaced [(3)H]-rolipram from high-affinity rolipram binding sites and reversed xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia. Yu MC, Chen JH, Lai CY, Han CY, Ko WC. PMID: 19853596
^Yu, M. C.; Chen, J. H.; Lai, C. Y.; Han, C. Y.; Ko, W. C. (2010). "Luteolin, a non-selective competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterases 1–5, displaced [3H]-rolipram from high-affinity rolipram binding sites and reversed xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia". European Journal of Pharmacology627 (1-3): 269. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.031. PMID 19853596. edit